Physicochemical and Microbiological Quality of Potable Water Supplied by DWASA in Dhaka City of Bangladesh
A. H. M. Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal,
Md. Aminul Ahsan,
Shamim Ahmed,
Shakila Akter,
Rokaia Sultana,
Aynun Nahar,
Md. Ripaj Uddin
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
1-6
Received:
30 December 2019
Accepted:
10 January 2020
Published:
4 February 2020
Abstract: Dhaka is the largest and fastest-growing urban city in Bangladesh with a population density of 44,500/km2. Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is the sole legal entity to develop and maintain a water supply system for city people. 78% DWASA water comes from underground—which leads to incremental depletion of groundwater. In this condition, reducing groundwater dependence and switching to surface water is the only way forward. Growing and increasingly wealthier population, climate change and the urbanization process deteriorate the Shitalakshya River which is the surface water source of DWASA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the DWASA supplied water quality around Dhaka city. Physicochemical and microbiological Parameters were analyzed by American Public Health Association (APHA) standard methods. The measured pH value (6.58-7.03) and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) value (6.10-7.50 mg/L) of samples indicate safe potable water. Calcium and Magnesium were found at a significant level. Both of these elements are essential for the human body. There were no heavy metals contamination in water supplied by DWASA. Total Coliforms and Fecal Coliforms of all samples showed less than 0.2 MPN/mL (most probable number <0.2 indicates absence of test organism in 1 mL). Total Viable Count (TVC) of all samples were less than 100 cfu/mL. The observed result was compared to acceptable limit of drinking water of Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) and Environment Conservation Rules, 1997, Bangladesh guideline. This study demonstrated that in general the potable water quality status of Dhaka city ranged from excellent to good.
Abstract: Dhaka is the largest and fastest-growing urban city in Bangladesh with a population density of 44,500/km2. Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Authority (DWASA) is the sole legal entity to develop and maintain a water supply system for city people. 78% DWASA water comes from underground—which leads to incremental depletion of groundwater. In this condi...
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Diversity Analysis and Identification of Promising Powdery Mildew Resistance Genotypes in Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.)
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2020
Pages:
7-16
Received:
25 February 2020
Accepted:
9 March 2020
Published:
15 May 2020
Abstract: In the present study, seventy-one field pea gene pools including three released varieties were evaluated in an augmented block design for assessing genetic divergence and level of resistance to powdery mildew for exploitation in a breeding program aimed at improving yield potential of field pea by using cluster and principal component analysis. Among the 10 studied traits, four (Eigenvalue >1.0) contributed more than 68.45% variability among the materials. Cluster analysis grouped the 71 field pea genotypes into seven distinct classes. The genetic divergence between all possible pairs of clusters were highly significant (P<0.01). The inter-cluster D2 value ranged from 311.63 to 2850.61 indicated that the evaluated gene pools were highly divergent. The genetically more divergent materials present in cluster five and six as indicated by inter-cluster distance value (2850.61). Selecting genotypes of these clusters and crossing them probably provide promising recombinants and better sergeants for future breeding program. Considerable variation was also found for resistance against the powdery mildew diseases. Out of the total 71 genotypes 12 were resistant, 29 were moderately resistant, 25 were moderately susceptible and 5 were susceptible to powdery mildew disease. Among 12 resistant genotypes; GPHA-9 and GPHA-19 were high yielder and GPHA-29, GPHA-48, GPHA-45 and GPHA-42 genotypes were found to be high yielding among 29 moderately resistant genotypes. The resistant genotypes identified could be exploited directly and/or may be transferred through hybridization to high yielding disease susceptible genotypes after checking their yield and disease stability in a number of locations and seasons for more confirmation with the present finding, since the present result was from one location and one season (year) data.
Abstract: In the present study, seventy-one field pea gene pools including three released varieties were evaluated in an augmented block design for assessing genetic divergence and level of resistance to powdery mildew for exploitation in a breeding program aimed at improving yield potential of field pea by using cluster and principal component analysis. Amo...
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