Phylogenetic Study and Divergence of Weaver Ant, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius in Bangladesh (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Md Mamunur Rahman,
Shingo Hosoishi,
Kazuo Ogata
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
57-66
Received:
22 June 2021
Accepted:
5 July 2021
Published:
9 July 2021
Abstract: The weaver ant species, Oecophylla smaragdina, is widely distributed from India through Southeast Asia to northern Australia including many tropical Western Pacific islands. Recent phylogenetic study of O. smaragdina showed that the species is divided into 7 groups based on mtDNA and the Bangladesh populations belong to SE Asian mainland clade despite its geographical proximity to India. The present study aims to reveal the phylogenetic aspect of O. smaragdina in Bangladesh with its divergence time estimation based on extensive materials. Sampling was executed according to zonation of 5 areas which are demarcated by 3 main rivers and a total of 95 colonies from 87 localities of 47 Districts were collected during 2013 to 2018 from Bangladesh. The molecular analyses, using 2 mitochondrial loci: Cytochrome b oxidase subunit 2 (Cytb) consisting of 507 bp and Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) consisting of 639 bp done in Ku, Japan. The analysis of 84 colonies revealed that 47 are the Indian clade (Indian type) and 37 are the SE Asian mainland clade (SE Asian type). The distribution of mtDNA types showed the occurrence of both the two types with some overlapping distribution in the central part of Bangladesh. The divergence time analysis in Bangladesh populations, resulted that Indian type diverged ca. 2.2 Ma and SE Asian type diverged ca. 0.20 Ma corresponding to early to late Pleistocene. This study suggested a comprehensive phylogenetic scenario of O. smaragdina in Bangladesh.
Abstract: The weaver ant species, Oecophylla smaragdina, is widely distributed from India through Southeast Asia to northern Australia including many tropical Western Pacific islands. Recent phylogenetic study of O. smaragdina showed that the species is divided into 7 groups based on mtDNA and the Bangladesh populations belong to SE Asian mainland clade desp...
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Genetic Diversity Assessment of Ethiopian Landrace Barley (Hordeum Vulgare (L.)) Genotypes Through Multivariate Analysis
Delessa Angassa,
Jemal Mohammed
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
67-73
Received:
10 August 2021
Accepted:
25 August 2021
Published:
7 September 2021
Abstract: Assessing the level of genetic diversity of collected germplasms enable breeders to exploit existed genetic resources for further breeding programs. Therefore, one hundred thirty-eight Barley (Hordeum Vulgare (L.)) accessions and three standard checks were evaluated using augmented design in the 2019 main cropping season. The accessions were planted in un-replicated plots and the three standard checks were replicated once in each block. The PCA showed that the first two principal components contributed 67.68% of the total variations observed among the genotypes. Principal component one (PC1) alone had contributed 43.02% of the total variations mainly due to tillers per plant, spike length and thousand seed weight in their respective order. Principal component two (PC2) contributed 24.66% of the total variations mainly through days to 50% flowering, days to 90% maturity, and thousand seed weight in their descending order. Genotypes were grouped into four clusters where 51.3%, 33.3%, 14.0%, 0.7% and 0.7% of genotypes fall in cluster I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The result revealed the existence of significant agro-morphological variations among the genotypes included in the study. Based on the characters considered and populations evaluated, the marked diversity observed among the barley genotypes in Ethiopia could be utilized in future crop improvement for various agronomically important traits. Generally, the study revealed the existence of wide range of diversity among barley accessions which has paramount importance for further exploitation of the important traits.
Abstract: Assessing the level of genetic diversity of collected germplasms enable breeders to exploit existed genetic resources for further breeding programs. Therefore, one hundred thirty-eight Barley (Hordeum Vulgare (L.)) accessions and three standard checks were evaluated using augmented design in the 2019 main cropping season. The accessions were plante...
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