Molecular Approaches for Isolation of Shigella Species from Culture Negative Diarrheal Samples: A Hospital Based Study in Bangladesh
Tarana Sharmin,
Mahmuda Akter,
Atanu Banik,
Ahmed Faisal Sumit,
Tasnim Ahmed,
Shahin Mahmud,
Ashraf Hossain Talukder,
Kaisar Ali Talukder
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
39-43
Received:
20 April 2021
Accepted:
13 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Diarrhoeal infection is defined as a significant reason of morbidity as well as mortality all over the world. Isolation of Shigella, the most significant etiological agents of diarrhea in developing countries, was missing occasionally when patients feces are cultured by conventional procedures. The collected 200 samples from hospitalized diarrhoeal patients in Tangail district, Bangladesh during 2010-2011, Shigella were isolated from 24 (12%) samples utilizing conventional culture methods. Among176 culture negative stool samples,ipa H gene, specific marker to identify Shigella species was detected from 14 (8%) by PCR. Furthermore, these samples which possess the ipa H gene were cultured and identified as Shigella-like organism (s) by utilizing various phenotypic as well as molecular tools. Of 24 Shigella spp. which was identified using conventional culture methods, S. flexneri were dominant 41.7%, followed by S. boydii 29.2%, S. sonnei 25%, and S. dysenteriae 4.2%. Among 14 of 176 culture negative ipaH positive samples, 7 were identified as Shigella sspp., of which, 3 were S. flexneri, 1 was S. boydii, 2 were S. sonnei and 1 identified as a novel group of S. dysenteriae designated as KIVI 156. Additionally, all Shigella strains were resistant to ampicillin, sulfamethaxol-trimethoprime and were susceptible to ciprofloxacin and mecillinam. This study demonstrated that the conventional culture method cannot be referred as an adequate method to focus the actual disease burden caused by Shigella.
Abstract: Diarrhoeal infection is defined as a significant reason of morbidity as well as mortality all over the world. Isolation of Shigella, the most significant etiological agents of diarrhea in developing countries, was missing occasionally when patients feces are cultured by conventional procedures. The collected 200 samples from hospitalized diarrhoeal...
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Modeling the Impact of Climate and Fertilizer on Barley Production
Birhan Ambachew Taye,
Fasiledes Fetene Asfaw,
Bantie Getnet Yirsaw,
Alemayehu Amsalu Alen
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
44-51
Received:
19 March 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Agriculture is a confirmed path to success. No region of the world has developed a diverse, modern economy without first establishing a successful foundation in agriculture. Food security is an enduring critical challenge in Ethiopia. The 2015 El Niño drought is one of the strongest droughts that have been recorded in Ethiopian antiquity. The study aims to evaluate the impacts of climate change and fertilizers applied on barley yield per hectare from 1987 to 2017 using an autoregressive distributed lag to cointegration approach. The mean barley yield was 11.47 quintal per hectare. The Long run bounded test for cointegration among the variables show signal of a long-run relationship with a short run among climate change, fertilizers applied and barley yield per hectare. Based on the value of adjusted R2, the explanatory variables explained almost 76% of the variation in the yield of barley. In the long run estimates every 1% rise in current average dap decrease the yield per hectare of barley by 28.76% at citrus paribus and a 1% rise in current precipitation and rainfall increase the yield of barley by 2.768% and 0.41% respectively keeping the effect of one variable to the other constant. The speed of adjustment is -0.381557 which is highly significant indicating the speed of the adjustment back to the long run equilibrium after a short run shock.
Abstract: Agriculture is a confirmed path to success. No region of the world has developed a diverse, modern economy without first establishing a successful foundation in agriculture. Food security is an enduring critical challenge in Ethiopia. The 2015 El Niño drought is one of the strongest droughts that have been recorded in Ethiopian antiquity. The study...
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Evolution of the Interest on Edible Insects
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2021
Pages:
52-56
Received:
4 June 2021
Accepted:
18 June 2021
Published:
23 June 2021
Abstract: Insects are being used as foods in both ancient and present days in different societies. A FAO report of 2013 reckoned that insect, farming in a that large-scale, would be the most effective way to addressed global food insecurity. At present nevertheless, there are poor knowledge on sustainably of farm insects and about species that would be best suited commercially. In the present work a tentative was made to describe the state of the art up to today on the subject of edible insects with emphasis on the important facts about them. In particular, special attention was given to Tenebrio molitor and Hermetia illucens, considered among the most promising insect larvae with extraordinary potential to be a food source alternative. The role that they can play when looking for more environmentally friendly alternatives for proteins and fats and the role of edible insects in the preservation of the environment were highlighted. A survey on the Web of Science data base was made in order to establish the evolution on the number of published articles about edible insects and in particular the two mentioned edible insects with time. it is worth mentioning that until the 1980 decade, the number of published articles on edible insects was very poor. In the mentioned data base, it was found that the first article on that subject was published on 1973. The amazing and increasing interest on experimental studies using edible insects in the last three decades correlate to the search for alternative sources of quality proteins and other important nutrients found in edible insects, besides the classical protein sources such as meat or to a less extent, plant proteins.
Abstract: Insects are being used as foods in both ancient and present days in different societies. A FAO report of 2013 reckoned that insect, farming in a that large-scale, would be the most effective way to addressed global food insecurity. At present nevertheless, there are poor knowledge on sustainably of farm insects and about species that would be best ...
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