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Perovskite Based Photocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment: Green Approach of Environmental Sustainability
Ajit Das,
Dipankar Mahata,
Mrinal Kanti Adak
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-8
Received:
24 January 2021
Accepted:
1 February 2021
Published:
9 February 2021
Abstract: Persistent organic substances in wastewater are creating serious problems to the living world as well as to the environment, thereby creating huge detrimental impact on the ecosystem. In view of the grave situation, removal of the persistent organic substances from wastewater effluent holds a great promise to balance the ecosystem and to sustain societal impact value. In this respect, perovskite based photocatalysts have achieved remarkable attention to the scientific community due to their unique structural features and flexibility of composition. Again, surface polarization and electric dipole-dipole interaction in the perovskite material make them attractive for photocatalytic application. This review paper summarized the photocatalytic activity of perovskite materials and their modification to enhance catalytic activity for wastewater treatment. The modification in perovskite has been done to reduce bandgap energy for enhanced visible light activity, separation of charge carriers for their long lifetime, and fast photocatalytic reaction. The recent investigation of ABO3 type perovskite, layered perovskite, and halide type of perovskite photocatalysts have been discussed detailly. The modification of corresponding perovskites by doped and formation of heterojunction is investigated carefully. The formation and identification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their degradation mechanism by trapping experiment and ESR technique has been summarized here. Finally, large scale with energy and environmental related research should be processed for a permanent solution of wastewater problem.
Abstract: Persistent organic substances in wastewater are creating serious problems to the living world as well as to the environment, thereby creating huge detrimental impact on the ecosystem. In view of the grave situation, removal of the persistent organic substances from wastewater effluent holds a great promise to balance the ecosystem and to sustain so...
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The Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi for Antestia Bugs (Antetiopsis intircata: Pentatomidea, Hemimptera) Control
Belay Abate,
Mulatu Wakgari,
Waktole Sori
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
9-18
Received:
21 November 2020
Accepted:
7 December 2020
Published:
9 March 2021
Abstract: Antestia bug (Antestiopsis intricata) is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was carried out to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi based management options for antestia bug control. The efficacy test of entomopathogenic fungi was done under laboratory condition in Jimma Agricultural Research Center, Entomology and Pathology laboratories. The entomopathogenic fungi isolates were brought from Haramaya University and Ambo Agricultural Research Center. Seven isolates of Beauvaria bassiana (DLCO-12, APPRC-0247, DLCO-90, DLCO-56, DLCO-76, PPRC-44BC, and PPRC-27J) and four isolates of Metarhizium ansopliae (PPRC-51, DLCO23A, DLCO-91 and PPRC-02BC) species were tested for germination. Completely Randomized Design with three replications and probit analysis were used for data analysis by using SAS, GenStat and Microsoft excel. Eight isolates: APPRC 0247, DLCO 90, DLCO 56, DLCO 76, PPRC-44BC, PPRC-27J, PPRC-51 and PPRC-02BC which recorded higher germination were used for pathogenicity test against antestia bugs. All the tested isolates killed antestia bugs but their levels of efficacy differ across exposure time. Among tested isolates, PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J registered complete mortality against antestia bugs and lower median lethal time, LT50 (9.98 and 10.98 days, respectively). As a result these were taken as promising isolates and used for further isolates rate test. PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates applied at 1x108 conidia ml-1 killed all the tested antestia bugs in shorter exposure time. Even though PPRC-44BC and PPRC-27J isolates showed promising results under laboratory conditions, it needs further investigations on its formulation and under field conditions. Isolations of biocontrols from natural coffee growing areas and the effect of biocontrols against natural enemies should be studied.
Abstract: Antestia bug (Antestiopsis intricata) is the major coffee insect pest affecting coffee productions in Ethiopia. Therefore, the study was carried out to evaluate entomopathogenic fungi based management options for antestia bug control. The efficacy test of entomopathogenic fungi was done under laboratory condition in Jimma Agricultural Research Cent...
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Effects of the Selected Combination of Boron and Zinc in Presence of Different Doses of NPK Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Okra Seed
Md. Habibur Rahman,
Md. Abdus Sattar,
Md. Razzab Ali,
Tanjila Nasreen Trina,
Mohammed Hossain Sarker
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
19-28
Received:
11 December 2020
Accepted:
15 February 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during April to September 2013to investigate the effects of boron, zinc, and NPK on the yield and quality of okra seed subjected to improve the micronutrient management practices on quality seed production. There were four levels of boron and zinc (0 kg B + 0 kg Zn/ha, 1.5 kg B + 2.0 kg Zn/ha, 2.0 kg B + 4.0 kg Zn/h and 2.5 kg B + 6.0 kg Zn/ha) and three levels of NPK fertilizers (50% less than the recommended dose of NPK, recommended dose of NPK and 50% more than the recommended dose of NPK). Different selected levels of boron and zinc application separately and in combination with NPK fertilizers influenced the yield and quality of okra seed. Application of 2 kg B/ha and 4 kg Zn/ha in combination with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers demonstrated the highest seed yield (2.69 t/ha), seed germination (97.00%), seedling vigour index (2845.01) and seed protein content (19.89%) whereas the lowest seed yield (1.93 t/ha.), seed germination (78.50%), seedling vigour index (1953.86) and seed protein content (16.30%) were found from 0 kg B/ha and 0 kg Zn/ha with 50% less than the recommended dose of NPK application. Maximum yield and good quality of okra seed can be obtained from the application of 2 kg B and 4 kg Zn/ha, in combination with the recommended dose of NPK fertilizers.
Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Centre of the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur, during April to September 2013to investigate the effects of boron, zinc, and NPK on the yield and quality of okra seed subjected to improve the micronutrient management practices on quality seed production. There...
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Evolution, Factors and Ecological and Socio-Economic Impacts of Ecotourism in Rusizi National Park (Burundi)
Ntiranyibagira Elysée,
Niyondiko Dominique,
Habonayo Richard,
Havyarimana Célestin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
29-38
Received:
4 February 2021
Accepted:
25 February 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: In Africa, conservation policies have been often legitimated by socio-economic arguments that include ecotourism projects in most of protected areas. In Burundi, ecotourism activities started in the 1980s. However, they have never been evaluated to appreciate their contribution to finance conservation and local development. The study carried out in the Rusizi National Park responds to this concern. It aimed to: (i) analyze the evolution of the organization, the pricing strategy and the touristic movement, (ii) analyze the evolution and use of touristic revenues and (iii) analyze the impact of ecotourism on the quality of conservation and local development. The methodology adopted was based on the analysis of data collected from management reports from 1987 to 2015, using performance indicators, SPSS 16.0 for statistical analysis and semi-structured interviews for the validation of the results of data analysis. The results of data analysis showed that the touristic movement is seasonal and evolves following a checkered pattern, with an annual average of 1,683 tourists. They revealed that tourism is statistically foreign reference made to the nationality of tourists and local if we consider the place they come from. They indicated that non-resident foreign tourists come to Burundi for extra-tourism activities. The variability of the touristic movement is linked more to political and security crises and organizational shortcomings than to touristic tariffs which remain derisory since they hardly reach 2,95 US $ for official entrance fees and 2,51 US $ for effective entry fees. The annual touristic revenues are 4,636 US $ average. They represent 71% of the overall operating income and a tourism royalty collection rate of 41% that leads to a financial shortfall of 1,919 US $/year. The poor financial performance comes from the lack of financial planning and attractive business plans, insignificant touristic tariffs, weak touristic movement, increase in non-paying staff, illegal tourism by private operators and derisory recovery rates of tourism fees. The low level of touristic income and the return of the almost total amount to the national conservation body for daily operations severely limit self-financing capacities and socio-economic impact of ecotourism on local development. The chronic touristic underperformance is linked to the lack of appropriate touristic investments, infrastructure and marketing, qualified and skillful staff and coherent planning, pricing and recovery policies that lead to amateurish management and sight-seeing navigation. Therefore, there is a great need for better policies, strategies and practices to insure significant improvement of tourism performances
Abstract: In Africa, conservation policies have been often legitimated by socio-economic arguments that include ecotourism projects in most of protected areas. In Burundi, ecotourism activities started in the 1980s. However, they have never been evaluated to appreciate their contribution to finance conservation and local development. The study carried out in...
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